![]() In the early 1800s, as the North industrialized and urbanized during the Industrial Revolution era, a social, cultural, and political divide grew between the two regions. However, the South clung firmly to the institution, insisting it needed free labor to grow and harvest cash crops like cotton and tobacco. Slavery was controversial for many reasons, and many Americans opposed it for its moral and ethical violations. The North, which spanned from Maryland up to Canada, did not. The South, which ranged from Texas to Florida and up to Virginia, allowed slavery. Immediately, debates raged about whether this new territory would allow slavery. The Mexican Cession granted the United States vast amounts of territory between Texas–which became a state in 1845 and prompted the war–and the Pacific Ocean. In 1848, the US emerged victorious in the Mexican-American War (1846-48). The Political Situation in the 1850s A map of US territorial gains 1783-1853, via the Boston Public Library
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